ENGLISH
Grade 12 Standards Met
A.12.1 Use
effective reading strategies to achieve their purposes in reading
•
Apply sophisticated word meaning and word analysis strategies, such as
knowledge of roots, cognates, suffixes, and prefixes, to understand unfamiliar
words
•
Gather information to help achieve understanding when the meaning of a
text is unclear
•
Apply knowledge of expository structures, such as the deductive or
inductive development of an argument, to the comprehension and evaluation of
texts
•
Identify propaganda techniques and faulty reasoning in texts
•
Explain and evaluate the influence of format on the readability and
meaning of a text
•
Distinguish between fact and opinion in nonfiction texts
•
Consider the context of a work when determining the meaning of
abbreviations and acronyms as well as the technical, idiomatic, and figurative
meanings of terms
[ALF¨, ALNC*, CM*+, ICF+]
A.12.2 Read,
interpret, and critically analyze literature
•
Explain the structure of selected classical and contemporary works of
literature, in whole and in part, from various cultures and historical periods,
and illustrate ways in which authors use syntax, imagery, figures of speech,
allusions, symbols, irony, and other devices in the context of history, culture,
and style
•
Draw on a broad base of knowledge about the universal themes of
literature such as initiation, love and duty, heroism, illusion and reality,
salvation, death and rebirth, and explain how these themes are developed in a
particular work of literature
•
Investigate and report on ways in which a writer has influenced or been
influenced by historical, social, and cultural issues or events
•
Develop, explain, and defend interpretations of complex literary works
•
Explain how details of language, setting, plot, character, conflict,
point of view, and voice in a work of literature combine to produce a dominant
tone, effect, or theme
•
Develop and apply criteria to evaluate the literary merit of unfamiliar
works
[ALF¨, ALNC*, CM¨, UWA+]
A.12.3 Read
and discuss literary and nonliterary texts in order to understand human
experience
•
Examine, explain, and evaluate, orally and in writing, various
perspectives concerning individual, community, national, and world issues
reflected in literary and nonliterary texts
•
Develop and articulate, orally and in writing, defensible points of view
on individual, community, national, and world issues reflected in literary and
nonliterary texts
•
Identify the devices an author uses to influence readers and critique the
effectiveness of their use
•
Identify philosophical assumptions and basic beliefs underlying selected
texts
[ALF¨, ALNC*, BHNC+, CM+, ICF+, UWA+]
A.12.4
Read to acquire information
•
Apply tests of logic and reasoning to informational and persuasive texts
•
Analyze and synthesize the concepts and details encountered in
informational texts such as reports, technical manuals, historical papers, and
government documents
•
Draw on and integrate information from multiple sources when acquiring
knowledge and developing a position on a topic of interest
•
Evaluate the reliability and authenticity of information conveyed in a
text, using criteria based on knowledge of the author, topic, and context and
analysis of logic, evidence, propaganda, and language
[ALF¨, ALNC*, BHNC+, CM*+, ICF+, OBG+, UWA+]
B.12.1 Create
or produce writing to communicate with different audiences for a variety of
purposes
•
Write a coherent argument that takes a position, accurately summarizes an
opposing position, refutes that position, and cites persuasive evidence
•
Compose and publish analytic and reflective writing that conveys
knowledge, experience, insights, and opinions to an intended audience
•
Use rhetorical structures that divide complex thoughts into simpler ones,
logical transitions from one thought to another, and language appropriate to the
intended audience
• Write creative fiction that includes an authentic setting, discernible tone, coherent plot, distinct characters, effective detail, believable dialogue, and reasonable resolution of conflict
•
Write summaries of complex information (such as information in a lengthy
text or a sequence of events), expand or reduce the summaries by adding or
deleting detail, and integrate appropriately summarized information into
reviews, reports, or essays, with correct citations
•
Write autobiographical and biographical narratives in a mature style
characterized by suitable vocabulary, descriptive detail, effective syntax, an
appropriate voice, a variety of sentence structures, clear coordination and
subordination of ideas, and rhetorical devices that help establish tone and
reinforce meaning
•
Prepare and publish technical writing such as memos, applications,
letters, reports and resumes for various audiences, attending to details of
layout and format as appropriate to purpose
•
Write in a variety of situations (impromptu, over time, in collaboration,
alone) and adapt strategies, such as revision, technology, and the use of
reference materials, to the situation
•
Use a variety of writing technologies, including pen and paper as well as
computers
•
Write for a variety of readers, including peers, teachers, and other
adults, adapting content, style, and structure to audience and situation
[ALNC*, BHNC*, CM¨, ICF+, MKE+, UWA+]
B.12.2
Plan, revise, edit, and publish clear and effective writing
•
Write essays demonstrating the capacity to communicate knowledge,
opinions, and insights to an intended audience through a clear thesis and
effective organization of supporting ideas
•
Develop a composition through a series of drafts, using a revision
strategy based on purpose and audience, personal style, self-awareness of
strengths and weaknesses as a writer, and feedback from peers and teachers
•
Given a writing assignment to be completed in a limited amount of time,
produce a well developed, well organized, clearly written response in effective
language and a voice appropriate for audience and purpose
[ALNC*]
B.12.3
Understand the function of various forms, structures, and punctuation
marks of standard American English and use them appropriately in written
communications
•
Understand the form and function of words, phrases, and clauses,
including inter-related clauses in complex sentences, and use them effectively
•
Use correct tenses, including conditionals, to indicate the relative
order and relationship of events
•
Employ principles of agreement, including subject-verb, pronoun-noun, and
preposition-pronoun
•
Punctuate compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences correctly,
including appropriate use of dialogue, citations, colons, hyphens, dashes,
ellipses,
and italics
•
Employ the conventions of capitalization
•
Spell frequently used words correctly and use effective strategies for
spelling unfamiliar words
•
Recognize common errors in the use of language and know how (and when) to
correct them
[ICF+]
C.12.1 Prepare
and deliver formal oral presentations appropriate to specific purposes and
audiences
•
Develop and deliver a speech that conveys information and ideas in
logical fashion for a selected audience, using language that clarifies and
reinforces meaning
•
Construct and present a coherent argument, summarizing then refuting
opposing positions, and citing persuasive evidence
•
Participate effectively in question-and-answer sessions following
presentations
•
Summarize narrative and numerical information accurately and logically in
presentations
•
Demonstrate confidence and poise during presentations, interacting
effectively with the audience, and selecting language and gestures mindful of
their effect
•
Demonstrate the ability to debate an issue from either side
•
Interpret literary works orally, citing textual data in support of
assertions
•
Synthesize and present results of research projects, accurately
summarizing and illustrating the main ideas, using appropriate technological
aids, and offering support for the conclusions
•
Speak fluently with varied inflection and effective eye contact,
enunciating clearly at an appropriate rate and volume
•
Observe the appropriate etiquette when expressing thanks and receiving
praise
[ALNC*, BHNC*, CM*+, ICF+, MKE*, UWA+]
C.12.2
Listen to, discuss, and comprehend oral communications
•
Attend to both literal and connotative meanings
• Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information
•
Distinguish fact from opinion, evaluate logic, and identify manipulative
techniques
•
Analyze messages for their accuracy and usefulness
•
Evaluate a speaker’s use of diction, tone, syntax, rhetorical
structure, and conventions of language considering the purpose and context of
the communication
•
Relate a speaker’s ideas and information to prior knowledge and
experience
•
Consider the specific situation and current conditions when responding to
instructions
[ALNC*, BHNC*, ICF+, MKE*, OBG+, UWA]
C.12.3
Participate effectively in discussion
•
Detect and evaluate a speaker’s bias
•
Consider the ideas and opinions of other speakers thoughtfully before
responding
•
Evaluate the validity and adequacy of ideas, arguments, hypotheses, and
evidence
•
Be aware of and try to control counterproductive emotional responses to a
speaker or ideas conveyed in a discussion
•
Appraise the purpose of discussions by examining their context and the
motivation of participants
•
Perform various roles in a discussion, including leader, participant, and
moderator
•
Demonstrate the ability to extend a discussion by adding relevant
information or asking pertinent questions
•
Explain and advance opinions by citing evidence and referring to
authoritative sources
•
Employ strategies such as summarizing main ideas or identifying areas of
agreement to solve problems, resolve conflicts, and conclude discussions
•
Convey criticism in a respectful and supportive way
[ALNC*, BHNC, ICF+, MKE*, UWA]
D.12.1
Develop their vocabulary and ability to use words, phrases, idioms, and
various grammatical structures as a means of improving communication
• Examine the origin, history, denotation, connotation, and usage of English words and phrases by consulting dictionaries, thesauruses, handbooks, and other sources of information about the language
• Evaluate the effects of different types of language, such as literary and technical, formal and informal, in communications designed to narrate, inform, explain, persuade, and entertain
• Use language appropriate to the background, knowledge, and age of an audience
• Recognize and exercise options in modes of expression and choice of words when speaking and writing, especially when revising written work
[ALNC*, BHNC*, CM*+, ICF+, MKE*, OBG+]
D.12.2
Recognize and interpret various uses and adaptations of language in
social, cultural, regional, and professional situations, and learn to be
flexible and responsive in their use of English
• Evaluate the use of standard American English in public contexts, such as school and work
• Evaluate the choice of words, expressions, and style considering the purpose and context of a communication
• Analyze and explain how immediate context and broader social, cultural, regional, and professional variables influence the use of language, citing characteristics such as level of formality, slang, jargon, and emotional impact
• Draw inferences about values, attitudes, and points of view by analyzing a writer’s or speaker’s use of English
• Compare form, meaning, and value of different symbol systems, such as alphabets, signs, symbols and of expressions commonly used in another language
[ALNC*, BHNC, ICF+, MKE]
E.12.1
Use computers to acquire, organize, analyze, and communicate information